Family formation in the 21st century: Financial cost of surrogacy for LGBTQ+ people
What is Gestational Surrogacy?
Gestational Surrogacy is increasingly being recognized as a viable option for LGBTQ+ people wishing to start a family. Gestational surrogacy is a type of surrogacy where a woman carries a pregnancy for intended parents but is not genetically related to the child. The embryo is created through in vitro fertilization (IVF) using the intended parents' eggs and sperm (or donor eggs/sperm) and then implanted into the surrogate's uterus. The surrogate, also known as a gestational carrier, then carries the pregnancy to term.
What is the overall cost?
The average cost of surrogacy in the U.S. in 2025 (including professional fees, carrier fees, expenses, and insurance costs) ranges from $140,000 to $200,000. Given the high price, it's essential to understand the financial implications of this process, as costs can vary significantly based on several factors.
1. Initial Consultation and Legal Fees: Before embarking on a surrogacy journey, intended parents typically consult with a surrogacy agency and legal professionals. Initial consultations can range from $200 to $500, while legal fees for contract drafting and negotiations usually cost between $5,000 and $15,000. It is important to note that some surrogacy agencies often hold free virtual and in-person informational sessions. Engaging a lawyer with experience in reproductive law is crucial, as they can help navigate complex legalities, especially concerning parental rights and the surrogacy agreement.
2. Agency Fees: Most intended parents choose to work with a surrogacy agency to help facilitate the process. Agency fees can range from $35,000 to $60,000, depending on the services provided. These fees often cover matching with a surrogate, coordinating medical appointments, and providing support throughout the pregnancy. Some agencies also offer a comprehensive package that includes legal assistance and counseling.
3. Medical Expenses: Medical costs are a significant part of the surrogacy process. For gestational surrogacy, where the surrogate carries a baby conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF), IVF costs can range from $12,000 to $15,000 per cycle. This includes medication, procedures, and laboratory fees. Additionally, intended parents must cover the surrogate’s medical expenses, which can reach $30,000 to $50,000, depending on the surrogate’s healthcare coverage and the specifics of the pregnancy.
4. Compensation for the Surrogate: Surrogate compensation varies widely based on the surrogate’s experience, the region, and the agency’s policies. On average, surrogates are compensated between $30,000 and $60,000 for their services. This amount may increase with each subsequent surrogacy or if the surrogate has additional expenses, such as loss of income or travel costs related to medical appointments.
5. Additional Costs: There are various additional costs to consider, including:
• Insurance: Surrogates may need additional insurance policies, which can range from $3,000 to $6,000.
• Travel Expenses: Intended parents often need to travel for medical appointments or to meet with the surrogate, which can add up.
• Miscellaneous Fees: This includes psychological evaluations, background checks, and administrative costs, which can collectively reach $5,000 to $10,000.
6. Total Estimated Costs: The total cost of surrogacy for gay couples can range from approximately $100,000 to $200,000 or more. This estimate includes all the previously mentioned expenses and indicates that surrogacy is a considerable financial investment.
7. Financing Options: Given the high costs, many couples explore financing options, including personal loans, surrogacy financing companies, or crowdfunding. Some agencies may offer payment plans to help manage the financial burden. While most health insurance plans still don't cover surrogacy costs, some companies provide benefits to cover some expenses related to surrogacy.